- Minority carrier lifetime tester for silicon Ingot (À×°÷ ¼Ò¼ö ij¸®¾î ¼ö¸í ÃøÁ¤ÀåÄ¡)- JIS direct current anodizing method - Photoconductive decay method - Global standard model for the lifetime test of silicon bulk - Data processing by digital oscilloscope and PC (dedicated software)